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Tommy Walsh's DIY Guide
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t20b.txt
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1998-10-14
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Summary
Contemplating making alterations to the electrics
in your home requires a healthy respect of electricity.
Careful planning before starting the work cannot be
over emphasised. The following steps introduce some
of the basics of this type of work
1 Electrical circuits
2 Simple terms explained
3 The need for protection
4 READ THIS! Safety First
5 Seeking professional help or advice
6 Electrical systems in the home
7 Plans of the electrical installation
Tools
Basic drawing materials
Materials
Sketch pad
Step 1 - Electrical circuits
Never work on any part of the electrical installation
without first switching off the supply at the consumer
unit and, where possible, removing the circuit fuse.
Always unplug any electrical appliance before doing any
work on it. Check all connections are secure and all
covers have been replaced before you turn the electricity
on again.
Step 2 - Simple terms explained
If you donÆt feel competent to do a particular job,
always seek the advice of a professional electrician.
Make sure that any person you hire is fully qualified.
A person registered with the Electrical Contractors
Association/ NICEIC, will be approved for undertaking
this type of work and will be well versed in all the
wiring regulations for electrical installations in
buildings.
Step 3 - The need for protection
Electrical circuits in the home are all based on very
simple principles. In all circuits, electricity runs
from the source to the load via the live conductor and
returns by the neutral conductor. In addition, a switch
is connected in the live conductor, this can break the
circuit to interrupt the flow.
Step 4 - READ THIS! Safety First
The driving force for the flow of electricity is the
supply voltage, (symbol V) and in the home has a value
of about 230 Volts. Loading is usually expressed in
Watts or Kilowatts (symbol W or kW). Each load needs
a specific flow rate of electricity, usually termed
the circuit current, (symbol I), measured in Amperes.
Step 5 - Seeking professional help or advice
Large fault current will flow either, when a live
conductor becomes short-circuited with the neutral or,
when the live conductor comes into contact with any
earthed protective metal casing. Should fault currents
persist, there is a serious fire risk to the home.
As a safeguard, protective links are included in the
circuit. These will safely interrupt any large fault
current instantaneously.
Step 6 - Electrical systems in the home
All the circuits are wired from the consumer unit.
Although there is no standard arrangement, there will
usually be two separate lighting circuits, two 13A
socket outlet ring main circuits, plus a separate
circuit for the immersion heater and a circuit for
the electrical cooker. Extra circuits may also supply
instantaneous shower units, smoke alarms and the central
heating equipment.
Step 7 - Plans of the electrical installation
When specifying the arrangement of the electrics for a
new home or for a large extension, an electrical
installation floor plan should be drawn up. Using
standard symbols, details of the positions of the
various electrical points will need to be shown.